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Geordie is both a regional nickname for a person from the larger Tyneside region of North East England and the name of the Northern English dialect spoken by its inhabitants. The term is associated with Tyneside, south Northumberland and northern parts of County Durham. In many respects, Geordie speech is a direct continuation and development of the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxon settlers of this region. They were initially mercenaries employed by the ancient Brythons to fight the Pictish invaders after the end of Roman rule in Britannia in the 5th century. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes who arrived became over time ascendant politically and culturally over the native British through subsequent migration from tribal homelands along the North Sea coast of the German Bight. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that emerged during the Dark Ages spoke largely mutually intelligible varieties of what is now called Old English, each varying somewhat in phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. This linguistic conservatism can be seen today to the extent that poems by the Anglo-Saxon scholar the Venerable Bede translate more successfully into Geordie than into present-day Standard English. Thus in Northern England and the Scottish borders, then dominated by the kingdom of Northumbria, was found a distinct "Northumbrian" Old English dialect. Later Irish (who, while relatively small in numbers, influenced Geordie phonology from the early 19th century onwards) 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Migration of Irish to Newcastle upon Tyne and Weetslade Northumberland )〕 and Scottish admixture influenced the dialect. In more recent years (20th century to present), the North East area has seen migrants from the rest of the world as well. In recent times, "Geordie" has been used to refer to a supporter of Newcastle United,〔(Andy Gray & Richard Keys: EPL predictions )〕 despite many Geordies supporting other local teams, and the Newcastle Brown Ale schooner glassware used to serve beer in the United States. In a 2008 newspaper survey, the Geordie accent was found to be the "most attractive in England". ==Geographic coverage== When referring to the people, as opposed to the dialect, dictionary definitions of a Geordie typically refer to "a native or inhabitant of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, or its environs",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=geordie – Definitions from Dictionary.com )〕 an area that encompasses Blyth, Ashington, North Tyneside, Newcastle, South Tyneside and Gateshead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=allyrics.net )〕 The term itself, according to Brockett, originated from all the North East coal mines.〔 The catchment area for the term "Geordie" can include Northumberland and County Durham〔〔 or be confined to an area as small as the city of Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Tyneside.〔 People from Sunderland, where they traditionally considered themselves Geordies, have been differentiated themselves as "Mackems" in recent decades. The earliest known use of the term found by an ''Oxford English Dictionary'' word hunt occurred only as late as 1988. Just as a Cockney is often colloquially defined as someone "born within the sound of the Bow bells", the term Geordie is sometimes defined as "within spitting distance of the Tyne"〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Geordie Dialect – BBC )〕 and thus Geordieland could be thought of as the watershed and bioregion of the River Tyne, and Geordies as its inhabitants. Geordie is occasionally called Tyneside English. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geordie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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